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        <h1 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">
          【16】建造者模式（Bulider模式）详解
        </h1>

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              <time title="创建时间：2020-01-17 13:59:17 / 修改时间：18:07:50" itemprop="dateCreated datePublished" datetime="2020-01-17T13:59:17+08:00">2020-01-17</time>
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        <h2 id="【16】建造者模式（Bulider模式）详解"><a href="#【16】建造者模式（Bulider模式）详解" class="headerlink" title="【16】建造者模式（Bulider模式）详解"></a>【16】建造者模式（Bulider模式）详解</h2><p>在软件开发过程中有时需要创建一个复杂的对象，这个复杂对象通常由多个子部件按一定的步骤组合而成。例如，计算机是由 OPU、主板、内存、硬盘、显卡、机箱、显示器、键盘、鼠标等部件组装而成的，采购员不可能自己去组装计算机，而是将计算机的配置要求告诉计算机销售公司，计算机销售公司安排技术人员去组装计算机，然后再交给要买计算机的采购员。</p>
<p>生活中这样的例子很多，如游戏中的不同角色，其性别、个性、能力、脸型、体型、服装、发型等特性都有所差异；还有汽车中的方向盘、发动机、车架、轮胎等部件也多种多样；每封电子邮件的发件人、收件人、主题、内容、附件等内容也各不相同。</p>
<p>以上所有这些产品都是由多个部件构成的，各个部件可以灵活选择，但其创建步骤都大同小异。这类产品的创建无法用前面介绍的工厂模式描述，只有建造者模式可以很好地描述该类产品的创建。</p>
<h2 id="模式的定义与特点"><a href="#模式的定义与特点" class="headerlink" title="模式的定义与特点"></a>模式的定义与特点</h2><p>建造者（Builder）模式的定义：指将一个复杂对象的构造与它的表示分离，使同样的构建过程可以创建不同的表示，这样的设计模式被称为建造者模式。它是将一个复杂的对象分解为多个简单的对象，然后一步一步构建而成。它将变与不变相分离，即产品的组成部分是不变的，但每一部分是可以灵活选择的。</p>
<p>该模式的主要优点如下：</p>
<ol>
<li>各个具体的建造者相互独立，有利于系统的扩展。</li>
<li>客户端不必知道产品内部组成的细节，便于控制细节风险。</li>
</ol>
<p>其缺点如下：</p>
<ol>
<li>产品的组成部分必须相同，这限制了其使用范围。</li>
<li>如果产品的内部变化复杂，该模式会增加很多的建造者类。</li>
</ol>
<p>建造者（Builder）模式和工厂模式的关注点不同：建造者模式注重零部件的组装过程，而工厂方法模式更注重零部件的创建过程，但两者可以结合使用。</p>
<h2 id="模式的结构与实现"><a href="#模式的结构与实现" class="headerlink" title="模式的结构与实现"></a>模式的结构与实现</h2><p>建造者（Builder）模式由产品、抽象建造者、具体建造者、指挥者等 4 个要素构成，现在我们来分析其基本结构和实现方法。</p>
<h4 id="1-模式的结构"><a href="#1-模式的结构" class="headerlink" title="1. 模式的结构"></a>1. 模式的结构</h4><p>建造者（Builder）模式的主要角色如下。</p>
<ol>
<li>产品角色（Product）：它是包含多个组成部件的复杂对象，由具体建造者来创建其各个滅部件。</li>
<li>抽象建造者（Builder）：它是一个包含创建产品各个子部件的抽象方法的接口，通常还包含一个返回复杂产品的方法 getResult()。</li>
<li>具体建造者(Concrete Builder）：实现 Builder 接口，完成复杂产品的各个部件的具体创建方法。</li>
<li>指挥者（Director）：它调用建造者对象中的部件构造与装配方法完成复杂对象的创建，在指挥者中不涉及具体产品的信息。</li>
</ol>
<p>其结构图如图 1 所示。</p>
<p><img src="http://c.biancheng.net/uploads/allimg/181114/3-1Q1141H441X4.gif" alt="建造者模式的结构图"><br>图1 建造者模式的结构图</p>
<h4 id="2-模式的实现"><a href="#2-模式的实现" class="headerlink" title="2. 模式的实现"></a>2. 模式的实现</h4><p>图 1 给出了建造者（Builder）模式的主要结构，其相关类的代码如下。</p>
<p>(1) 产品角色：包含多个组成部件的复杂对象。</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">class Product</span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    private String partA;</span><br><span class="line">    private String partB;</span><br><span class="line">    private String partC;</span><br><span class="line">    public void setPartA(String partA)</span><br><span class="line">    &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        this.partA&#x3D;partA;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    public void setPartB(String partB)</span><br><span class="line">    &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        this.partB&#x3D;partB;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    public void setPartC(String partC)</span><br><span class="line">    &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        this.partC&#x3D;partC;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    public void show()</span><br><span class="line">    &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        &#x2F;&#x2F;显示产品的特性</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>


<p>(2) 抽象建造者：包含创建产品各个子部件的抽象方法。</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">abstract class Builder</span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    &#x2F;&#x2F;创建产品对象</span><br><span class="line">    protected Product product&#x3D;new Product();</span><br><span class="line">    public abstract void buildPartA();</span><br><span class="line">    public abstract void buildPartB();</span><br><span class="line">    public abstract void buildPartC();</span><br><span class="line">    &#x2F;&#x2F;返回产品对象</span><br><span class="line">    public Product getResult()</span><br><span class="line">    &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        return product;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>(3) 具体建造者：实现了抽象建造者接口。</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">public class ConcreteBuilder extends Builder</span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    public void buildPartA()</span><br><span class="line">    &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        product.setPartA(&quot;建造 PartA&quot;);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    public void buildPartB()</span><br><span class="line">    &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        product.setPartA(&quot;建造 PartB&quot;);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    public void buildPartC()</span><br><span class="line">    &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        product.setPartA(&quot;建造 PartC&quot;);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>


<p>(4) 指挥者：调用建造者中的方法完成复杂对象的创建。</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">class Director</span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    private Builder builder;</span><br><span class="line">    public Director(Builder builder)</span><br><span class="line">    &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        this.builder&#x3D;builder;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#x2F;&#x2F;产品构建与组装方法</span><br><span class="line">    public Product construct()</span><br><span class="line">    &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        builder.buildPartA();</span><br><span class="line">        builder.buildPartB();</span><br><span class="line">        builder.buildPartC();</span><br><span class="line">        return builder.getResult();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>


<p>(5) 客户类。</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">public class Client</span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    public static void main(String[] args)</span><br><span class="line">    &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        Builder builder&#x3D;new ConcreteBuilder();</span><br><span class="line">        Director director&#x3D;new Director(builder);</span><br><span class="line">        Product product&#x3D;director.construct();</span><br><span class="line">        product.show();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="模式的应用实例"><a href="#模式的应用实例" class="headerlink" title="模式的应用实例"></a>模式的应用实例</h2><p>【例1】用建造者（Builder）模式描述客厅装修。</p>
<p>分析：客厅装修是一个复杂的过程，它包含墙体的装修、电视机的选择、沙发的购买与布局等。客户把装修要求告诉项目经理，项目经理指挥装修工人一步步装修，最后完成整个客厅的装修与布局，所以本实例用建造者模式实现比较适合。</p>
<p>这里客厅是产品，包括墙、电视和沙发等组成部分。具体装修工人是具体建造者，他们负责装修与墙、电视和沙发的布局。项目经理是指挥者，他负责指挥装修工人进行装修。</p>
<p>另外，客厅类中提供了 show() 方法，可以将装修效果图显示出来（点此下载装修效果图的图片）。客户端程序通过对象生成器类 ReadXML 读取 XML 配置文件中的装修方案数据（点此下载 XML 文件），调用项目经理进行装修。其类图如图 2 所示。</p>
<p><img src="http://c.biancheng.net/uploads/allimg/181114/3-1Q1141H553419.gif" alt="客厅装修的结构图"><br>图2 客厅装修的结构图</p>
<p>程序代码如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br><span class="line">54</span><br><span class="line">55</span><br><span class="line">56</span><br><span class="line">57</span><br><span class="line">58</span><br><span class="line">59</span><br><span class="line">60</span><br><span class="line">61</span><br><span class="line">62</span><br><span class="line">63</span><br><span class="line">64</span><br><span class="line">65</span><br><span class="line">66</span><br><span class="line">67</span><br><span class="line">68</span><br><span class="line">69</span><br><span class="line">70</span><br><span class="line">71</span><br><span class="line">72</span><br><span class="line">73</span><br><span class="line">74</span><br><span class="line">75</span><br><span class="line">76</span><br><span class="line">77</span><br><span class="line">78</span><br><span class="line">79</span><br><span class="line">80</span><br><span class="line">81</span><br><span class="line">82</span><br><span class="line">83</span><br><span class="line">84</span><br><span class="line">85</span><br><span class="line">86</span><br><span class="line">87</span><br><span class="line">88</span><br><span class="line">89</span><br><span class="line">90</span><br><span class="line">91</span><br><span class="line">92</span><br><span class="line">93</span><br><span class="line">94</span><br><span class="line">95</span><br><span class="line">96</span><br><span class="line">97</span><br><span class="line">98</span><br><span class="line">99</span><br><span class="line">100</span><br><span class="line">101</span><br><span class="line">102</span><br><span class="line">103</span><br><span class="line">104</span><br><span class="line">105</span><br><span class="line">106</span><br><span class="line">107</span><br><span class="line">108</span><br><span class="line">109</span><br><span class="line">110</span><br><span class="line">111</span><br><span class="line">112</span><br><span class="line">113</span><br><span class="line">114</span><br><span class="line">115</span><br><span class="line">116</span><br><span class="line">117</span><br><span class="line">118</span><br><span class="line">119</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">package Builder;</span><br><span class="line">import java.awt.*;</span><br><span class="line">import javax.swing.*;</span><br><span class="line">public class ParlourDecorator</span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    public static void main(String[] args)</span><br><span class="line">    &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        try</span><br><span class="line">        &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            Decorator d;</span><br><span class="line">            d&#x3D;(Decorator) ReadXML.getObject();</span><br><span class="line">            ProjectManager m&#x3D;new ProjectManager(d);       </span><br><span class="line">            Parlour p&#x3D;m.decorate();</span><br><span class="line">            p.show();</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        catch(Exception e)</span><br><span class="line">        &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            System.out.println(e.getMessage());</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#x2F;&#x2F;产品：客厅</span><br><span class="line">class Parlour</span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    private String wall;    &#x2F;&#x2F;墙</span><br><span class="line">    private String TV;    &#x2F;&#x2F;电视</span><br><span class="line">    private String sofa;    &#x2F;&#x2F;沙发  </span><br><span class="line">    public void setWall(String wall)</span><br><span class="line">    &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        this.wall&#x3D;wall;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    public void setTV(String TV)</span><br><span class="line">    &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        this.TV&#x3D;TV;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    public void setSofa(String sofa)</span><br><span class="line">    &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        this.sofa&#x3D;sofa;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;   </span><br><span class="line">    public void show()</span><br><span class="line">    &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        JFrame jf&#x3D;new JFrame(&quot;建造者模式测试&quot;);</span><br><span class="line">        Container contentPane&#x3D;jf.getContentPane();</span><br><span class="line">        JPanel p&#x3D;new JPanel();   </span><br><span class="line">        JScrollPane sp&#x3D;new JScrollPane(p);  </span><br><span class="line">        String parlour&#x3D;wall+TV+sofa;</span><br><span class="line">        JLabel l&#x3D;new JLabel(new ImageIcon(&quot;src&#x2F;&quot;+parlour+&quot;.jpg&quot;));</span><br><span class="line">        p.setLayout(new GridLayout(1,1));</span><br><span class="line">        p.setBorder(BorderFactory.createTitledBorder(&quot;客厅&quot;));</span><br><span class="line">        p.add(l);</span><br><span class="line">        contentPane.add(sp,BorderLayout.CENTER);       </span><br><span class="line">        jf.pack();  </span><br><span class="line">        jf.setVisible(true);</span><br><span class="line">        jf.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;   </span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#x2F;&#x2F;抽象建造者：装修工人</span><br><span class="line">abstract class Decorator</span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    &#x2F;&#x2F;创建产品对象</span><br><span class="line">    protected  Parlour product&#x3D;new Parlour();</span><br><span class="line">    public  abstract void buildWall();</span><br><span class="line">    public  abstract void buildTV();</span><br><span class="line">    public  abstract void buildSofa();</span><br><span class="line">    &#x2F;&#x2F;返回产品对象</span><br><span class="line">    public  Parlour getResult()</span><br><span class="line">    &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        return  product;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#x2F;&#x2F;具体建造者：具体装修工人1</span><br><span class="line">class ConcreteDecorator1  extends Decorator</span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    public void buildWall()</span><br><span class="line">    &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        product.setWall(&quot;w1&quot;);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    public void buildTV()</span><br><span class="line">    &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        product.setTV(&quot;TV1&quot;);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    public void buildSofa()</span><br><span class="line">    &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        product.setSofa(&quot;sf1&quot;);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#x2F;&#x2F;具体建造者：具体装修工人2</span><br><span class="line">class ConcreteDecorator2 extends Decorator</span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    public void buildWall()</span><br><span class="line">    &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        product.setWall(&quot;w2&quot;);</span><br><span class="line">      &#125;</span><br><span class="line">      public void buildTV()</span><br><span class="line">      &#123;</span><br><span class="line">          product.setTV(&quot;TV2&quot;);</span><br><span class="line">      &#125;</span><br><span class="line">      public void buildSofa()</span><br><span class="line">      &#123;</span><br><span class="line">          product.setSofa(&quot;sf2&quot;);</span><br><span class="line">      &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#x2F;&#x2F;指挥者：项目经理</span><br><span class="line">class ProjectManager</span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    private Decorator builder;</span><br><span class="line">    public ProjectManager(Decorator builder)</span><br><span class="line">    &#123;</span><br><span class="line">          this.builder&#x3D;builder;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#x2F;&#x2F;产品构建与组装方法</span><br><span class="line">    public Parlour decorate()</span><br><span class="line">    &#123;</span><br><span class="line">          builder.buildWall();</span><br><span class="line">        builder.buildTV();</span><br><span class="line">        builder.buildSofa();</span><br><span class="line">        return builder.getResult();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>


<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">package Builder;</span><br><span class="line">import javax.xml.parsers.*;</span><br><span class="line">import org.w3c.dom.*;</span><br><span class="line">import java.io.*;</span><br><span class="line">class ReadXML</span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    public static Object getObject()</span><br><span class="line">    &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        try</span><br><span class="line">        &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            DocumentBuilderFactory dFactory&#x3D;DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();</span><br><span class="line">            DocumentBuilder builder&#x3D;dFactory.newDocumentBuilder();</span><br><span class="line">            Document doc;                           </span><br><span class="line">            doc&#x3D;builder.parse(new File(&quot;src&#x2F;Builder&#x2F;config.xml&quot;));</span><br><span class="line">            NodeList nl&#x3D;doc.getElementsByTagName(&quot;className&quot;);</span><br><span class="line">            Node classNode&#x3D;nl.item(0).getFirstChild();</span><br><span class="line">            String cName&#x3D;&quot;Builder.&quot;+classNode.getNodeValue();</span><br><span class="line">            System.out.println(&quot;新类名：&quot;+cName);</span><br><span class="line">            Class&lt;?&gt; c&#x3D;Class.forName(cName);</span><br><span class="line">              Object obj&#x3D;c.newInstance();</span><br><span class="line">            return obj;</span><br><span class="line">         &#125;  </span><br><span class="line">         catch(Exception e)</span><br><span class="line">         &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                   e.printStackTrace();</span><br><span class="line">                   return null;</span><br><span class="line">         &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>


<p>程序运行结果如图 3 所示。</p>
<p><img src="http://c.biancheng.net/uploads/allimg/181114/3-1Q1141HK9195.jpg" alt="客厅装修的运行结果"><br>                                                                        图3 客厅装修的运行结果</p>
<h2 id="模式的应用场景"><a href="#模式的应用场景" class="headerlink" title="模式的应用场景"></a>模式的应用场景</h2><p>建造者（Builder）模式创建的是复杂对象，其产品的各个部分经常面临着剧烈的变化，但将它们组合在一起的算法却相对稳定，所以它通常在以下场合使用。</p>
<ul>
<li>创建的对象较复杂，由多个部件构成，各部件面临着复杂的变化，但构件间的建造顺序是稳定的。</li>
<li>创建复杂对象的算法独立于该对象的组成部分以及它们的装配方式，即产品的构建过程和最终的表示是独立的。<h2 id="模式的扩展"><a href="#模式的扩展" class="headerlink" title="模式的扩展"></a>模式的扩展</h2>建造者（Builder）模式在应用过程中可以根据需要改变，如果创建的产品种类只有一种，只需要一个具体建造者，这时可以省略掉抽象建造者，甚至可以省略掉指挥者角色。</li>
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